Photographic and Descriptive Musculoskeletal Atlas of Bonobos: With Notes on the Weight, Attachments, Variations, and Innervation of the Muscles and Comparisons with Common Chimpanzees and Humans

Abstract

This book, which is the first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of bonobos (Pan paniscus), adopts the same format as the photographic atlases of other apes previously published by the various colleagues and me. These books are part of a series of monographs that set out the comparative and phylogenetic context of the gross anatomy and evolutionary history of the soft tissue morphology of modern humans and their closest relatives. This atlas, which includes detailed high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures from most anatomical regions of the body as well as textual information about the attachments, innervation, function and weight of the respective muscles, is based on dissections of seven bonobos, including adults, adolescents, infants and fetuses, and males and females, and on an extensive review of the literature for comparisons with common chimpanzees.